Dementia Study Sheds Light On How Damage Spreads Through Brain
Scientists have revealed insights into how a key protein disrupts brain cells in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Researchers say the findings shed light on the causes of DLB and will help to accelerate the search for a treatment. Results from the study are published in the scientific journal Brain.
DLB is the third most common form of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia, affecting around 100,000 people in the UK. It can cause severe memory loss as well as movement problems and there is currently no cure.
The study, co-funded by Alzheimer’s Research UK, focused on synapses – shared connection points between brain cells that allow chemical and electrical signals to flow through networks of nerve cells in the brain. These connections are vital for forming memories and are key to maintaining brain health.
Researchers studying brain tissue of five people who had died with DLB, found that synapses contained clumps of the damaging protein, known as alpha-synuclein. Toxic alpha-synuclein was spotted in both sides of the synapses, suggesting that it may jump between cells through these connections. This sheds light on how damage could be spread through the brain. Similar findings were not seen in brain tissue from people who had died with Alzheimer’s disease or those without dementia.
Although alpha-synuclein clumps had been previously identified in DLB, their effects on synapses were unknown because of difficulties in studying them due to their tiny size. Individual synapses are around 5000 times smaller than the thickness of a sheet of paper. This, discovery was made with extremely powerful technology, used in DLB research for the first time, which allowed the scientists to view detailed images of over one million single synapses.
Professor Tara-Spires Jones, Programme Lead at the UK Dementia Research Institute at the University of Edinburgh, who co-led the study, said:
“DLB is a devastating condition and our findings suggest that it is at least partly driven by damage to synapses. These discoveries should invigorate the search for therapies aimed at reducing synaptic damage and open the possibility of targeting the spread of alpha-synuclein through the brain, which could stop disease progression in its tracks.”
Dr Rosa Sancho, Head of Research at Alzheimer’s Research UK, said:
“This exciting research using cutting-edge technology sheds new light on the progression of DLB in the brain. The results provide convincing, measurable and visual evidence that toxic alpha-synuclein is disrupting synapses that could potentially contribute to the devastating symptoms of the disease.
“We are extremely pleased our funding has helped produce these important results which demonstrate potential avenues for much-needed new treatments for people who are living with DLB. The research we fund would not be possible without the work of our tireless supporters who go to extraordinary lengths to allow talented researchers to make important new discoveries like these.”
